by concerned » fre sep 19, 2008 18:57
Salam aleikum
Her er nogle udtalelser fra kendte retslærde om Islams styre, al-Khilafah, også kaldet al-Imamah:
Sheikh Abd al-Rahman al-Jaziri (1299-1360 AH)
The Imams (scholars of the four schools of thought)- may Allah have mercy on them- agree that the Caliphate is an obligation, and that the Muslims must appoint a leader who would implement the injunctions of the religion, and give the oppressed justice against the oppressors. It is forbidden for Muslims to have two leaders in the world whether in agreement or discord. [Al-Fiqh Alal-Mathahib Al- Arba’a (the fiqh of the four schools of thought), volume 5, page 416]
Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Shawkani (d. 1250 AH)
It is known from Islam by necessity (bi-dharoorah - i.e.: like prayer and fasting) that Islam has forbidden division amongst Muslims and the segregation of their land. [Tafseer al-Quran al-Atheem, volume 2, page 215]
Imam Yahya ibn Sharaf al- Nawawi (631–676 AH)
(The scholars) consented that it is an obligation upon the Muslims to select a Khaleefah [Sharhu Sahih Muslim page 205 vol 12]
He also said: It is forbidden to give an oath to two Imams or more, even in different parts of the world and even if they are far apart ["Mughni Al-Muhtaj", volume 4, page 132]
He also stated: If a baya’a were taken for two Khulafa’aa one after the other, the baya’a of the first one would be valid and it should be fulfilled and honoured whereas the baya’a of the second would be invalid, and it would be forbidden to honour it. This is the right opinion which the majority of scholars follow, and they agree that it would be forbidden to appoint two Khulafa’aa at one given time, no matter how great and extended the Islamic lands become. ["Sharhu Sahih Muslim" (explanation of Sahih Muslim) chapter 12 page 231]
Imam Abu Abdullah al-Qurtubi (d. 671 AH)
Imam Qurtubi said in his tafseer of the verse,
إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِى الأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً
"Indeed, man is made upon this earth a Caliph." [TMQ 2:30]
This Ayah is a source in the selection of an Imaam, and a Khaleefah, he is listened to and he is obeyed, for the word is united through him, and the Ahkam (laws) of the Khaleefah are implemented through him, and there is no difference regarding the obligation of that between the Ummah, nor between the Imams.
Imam al-Qurtubi also said: The Khilafah is the pillar upon which other pillars rest
Hujjatul Islam Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazzali
Imam Al-Ghazzali (450-505 AH), when writing of the potential consequences of losing the Khilafah said:
The judges will be suspeneded, the Wilayaat (provinces) will be nullified, ... the decrees of those in authority will not be executed and all the people will be on the verge of Haraam. [al Iqtisaad fil Itiqaad page 240]
Imam Taqi ad-Din Ahmad Ibn Taymiyyah (661-728 AH)
It is obligatory to know that the office in charge of commanding over the people (ie: the post of the Khaleefah) is one of the greatest obligations of the Deen. In fact, there is no establishment of the Deen except by it....this is the opinion of the salaf, such as al-Fadl ibn 'Iyaad, Ahmed ibn Hanbal and others. [Siyaasah Shariyyah - chapter: 'The obligation of adherence to the leadership']
Qadi Abu al-Hasan Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Habib al-Mawardi (362-448)
Imamate is prescribed to succeed prophethoood as a means of protecting the Deen and of managing the affairs of this world. There is a consensus of opinion (amongst the scholars - Ijmaa’ al-‘Ulamaa’) that the person who discharges the responsibilities of this position must take on the contract of Imamate of the Ummah. [Al-Ahkam us-Sultaniyyah, Chapter 1, The Contract of Imamate].
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (164-241 AH)
The Fitna (mischief and tribulations) occurs when there is no Imaam established over the affairs of the people.
Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (d. 701)
The Muslims simply must have an Imam (Khaleefah), who will execute the rules, establish the Hudud (penal system), defend the frontiers, equip the armies, collect Zakah, punish those who rebel (against the state) and those who spy and highwaymen, establish Jum'ah and the two 'Eids, settle the dispute among the servants (of Allah), accept the testimony of witnesses in matters of legal rights, give in marriage the young and the poor who have no family, and distribute the booty.
Imam Al-Haythami (d. 807 AH)
It is known that the Sahabah (ra) consented that selecting the Imaam after the end of the era of Prophethood was an obligation (Wajib). Indeed they made it (more) important than the (other) obligations whilst they were busy with it over the burial of the Prophet. [Sawaa'iq ul-haraqah:17]
Imam Sa'd al-Din Mas'ud bin Umar al-Taftazani (d. 791 AH), wrote:
There is consensus that appointing a Khaleefah is obligatory. The difference of opinion is on whether the appointment must be by Allah or by his servants, and whether the basis (for appointment) is textual evidence or rational proof. The adoption is that it is obligatory upon the servants by textual evidence because of the saying of the Messenger, "Whoever dies not having known the Imam of his time, dies the death of the days of ignorance." Also, the ummah agreed that this was the most important duty following the death of the Messenger, so important in fact that they considered it more important than the matter of his burial, and so also has it been after the death of each Imam.
Siyasah (politik) i Islam er varetagelsen af folkets affærer på basis af de love og regler, som kommer fra åbenbaringen (Wahi). Denne definition udledes fra det arabiske sprog og de islamiske tekster. Ordet Saasa, hvorfra ordet Siyasah (politik) er udledt, betyder varetagelse eller dirigering. Og i bogværket al-Muheet, som blev skrevet af al-Fayrooz Abaadi, så forklares ordet Saasa således; "Jeg varetog affæren, dvs. jeg kom med påbud og forbud til den." Og det at påbyde det rette og forbyde det slette (al-Amr bil-Ma'roof wan-Nahyi 'an il-Munkar) er lige præcis det, Allahs (Subhanahu wa Ta'aala) Åbenbaring (dvs. Qur'anen og Sunnah) er fyldt med, dvs. påbud og forbud, som muslimer er forpligtede til at forholde sig til. Altså er Islam politisk, og denne udledte definition er derfor en torn i øjet på vores regenter og de statsansatte 'Ulema (retslærde), som på grund af uddannelsespensummet i de muslimske lande, ikke tør eller vil definere hvad Siyasah (politik) er.